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Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer continúan disminuyendo a medida que los diagnósticos se mantienen estables, los médicos explican por qué

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Aunque la cantidad de personas diagnosticadas con cáncer cada año sigue siendo aproximadamente la misma, los avances médicos recientes significan que más personas sobreviven y prosperan después de recibir el diagnóstico.

Un nuevo estudio publicado el jueves en la revista Cancer encuentra que las tasas generales de mortalidad por cáncer disminuyeron un 2,1 % cada año entre 2015 y 2019, lo más rápido que ha disminuido en las últimas dos décadas. Esto continúa durante una tendencia de dos décadas de disminución de las muertes por cáncer en los EE. UU.

Sin embargo, las tasas de nuevos diagnósticos de cáncer se han mantenido aproximadamente iguales entre 2014 y 2018, según el informe. Sin embargo, entre algunos grupos, como las mujeres y los adultos jóvenes de 15 a 39 años, así como para ciertos tipos de cáncer, la tasa de nuevos diagnósticos de cáncer en realidad ha aumentado.

«Los tratamientos mejorados aumentan la supervivencia y pueden curar a los pacientes, lo que conduce a menos muertes por cáncer incluso cuando se diagnostica a más personas», dijo a ABC News la autora principal del estudio, la Dra. Kathy Cronin, del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer.

Los investigadores dijeron que más personas están sobreviviendo después de un diagnóstico de cáncer debido a una detección más temprana y tratamientos mejorados.

Sin embargo, algunos tipos de cáncer continúan amenazando a los pacientes a tasas elevadas. Esos incluyen cánceres como el de mama femenino, riñón, páncreas, mieloma y otros que están estrechamente relacionados con afecciones médicas como la obesidad, la diabetes y la inactividad general, todos los cuales han seguido aumentando en los EE. UU., según los datos citados en el estudio de la Centros de Control y Prevención de Enfermedades.

La disminución de las muertes por cáncer se debió en gran parte a la fuerte disminución de las muertes por cáncer de pulmón, según el estudio. Muchas menos personas fuman hoy que en décadas pasadas. Mientras tanto, la detección y los tratamientos para el cáncer de pulmón han mejorado. Sin embargo, a pesar del progreso, el cáncer de pulmón sigue siendo la principal causa de muerte por cáncer en los EE. UU., según el estudio.

También se han logrado avances notables en otros cánceres, incluidos los de riñón, ovario e hígado, según el estudio. Persisten disparidades significativas, particularmente para las mujeres afroamericanas en cáncer de útero y cáncer de mama. La muerte por cáncer es la más alta entre los afroamericanos, según el estudio. Las tasas de nuevos diagnósticos de cáncer son más altas entre los indios americanos y los nativos de Alaska.

«Estamos progresando», dijo a ABC News el Dr. William Dahut, oncólogo y director científico de la Sociedad Estadounidense del Cáncer.

«Esto muestra que la prevención, la detección y un mejor tratamiento pueden marcar la diferencia, pero se necesita más trabajo», dijo Dahut.

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