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Estados Unidos comenzará a entrevistar a solicitantes de asilo en dos sitios de detención de Texas bajo nueva política

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Las autoridades de inmigración de EE. UU. comenzarán la próxima semana a entrevistar a ciertos solicitantes de asilo en dos centros de detención de Texas bajo una nueva política de la administración Biden que tiene como objetivo acelerar el procesamiento de los migrantes que solicitan protección humanitaria a lo largo de la frontera sur, dijeron funcionarios estadounidenses el jueves.

El programa comenzará a pequeña escala el martes, y se espera que los oficiales de asilo de EE. UU. reciban unos cientos de casos por mes durante la primera fase de implementación, dijeron funcionarios del Departamento de Justicia y Seguridad Nacional durante una llamada con periodistas, solicitando el anonimato para discutir el plan.

Inicialmente, solo los solicitantes de asilo que les digan a los funcionarios fronterizos de EE. UU. que planean vivir cerca de Boston, Los Ángeles, Miami, Nueva York, Newark o San Francisco se inscribirán en el nuevo programa, cuyo objetivo es condensar el período de adjudicación de asilo de los años actuales. -largo período de tiempo a varios meses.

Si bien inicialmente se implementará de manera limitada, la regla es uno de los intentos más importantes para revisar el sistema de asilo de EE. UU. masivamente atrasado y representa el pilar de un plan que la administración de Biden espera que le permita al gobierno manejar niveles sin precedentes de llegadas de inmigrantes.

La regla permitirá a los oficiales del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional adjudicar por completo los casos de asilo de los migrantes que cruzaron recientemente la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México, en lugar de transferir todas esas solicitudes al sistema judicial de inmigración del Departamento de Justicia, que supervisa más de 1.7 millones de casos sin resolver.

Las personas designadas por el presidente Biden han dicho que el programa permitirá que EE. UU. otorgue asilo más rápidamente a quienes huyen de la persecución, al tiempo que acelera la deportación de los migrantes que no cumplen con el umbral legal para el refugio en EE. UU.

Durante años, los funcionarios del gobierno han dicho que las esperas de varios años para las decisiones de asilo permiten y alientan a los migrantes que huyen de las dificultades económicas a usar el sistema de asilo para vivir y trabajar en los EE. limbo.

“Esta regla está diseñada para transformar la forma en que se manejan las solicitudes de asilo en las fronteras de nuestra nación, para reducir la burocracia lenta y difícil de manejar y establecer un proceso justo y eficiente en su lugar”, dijo el jueves un alto funcionario del DHS.

El funcionario dijo que aproximadamente 100 oficiales de asilo de EE. UU. han sido capacitados para implementar la primera fase de la implementación de la regla. Ellos entrevistarán por teléfono a adultos migrantes detenidos en dos centros de detención de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas en Texas que se encuentran en un proceso conocido como expulsión acelerada.

Solo los adultos solteros y las familias que viajen con niños serán colocados en el programa, ya que la ley de EE. UU. prohíbe el uso de la remoción acelerada de menores no acompañados. Los funcionarios del DHS dijeron que están trabajando para brindarles a los migrantes acceso a abogados gratuitos antes de las evaluaciones iniciales.

Si los migrantes inscritos en el nuevo programa establecen que tienen un temor creíble de persecución durante estas entrevistas telefónicas, generalmente serán liberados con un dispositivo de rastreo, según indica un documento del DHS. Si los migrantes no pasan estas entrevistas, pueden ser deportados rápidamente a menos que le pidan a un juez de inmigración que reconsidere su reclamo.

Aquellos solicitantes de asilo que pasen las evaluaciones deberán asistir a una entrevista en una oficina de USCIS en Boston, Los Ángeles, Miami, Nueva York, Newark o San Francisco. Las entrevistas en persona se llevarán a cabo no más de 45 días después de las evaluaciones iniciales. Si los inmigrantes no asisten a las entrevistas, serán puestos en proceso de deportación, dijeron las autoridades.

Los oficiales de USCIS tendrían 60 días después de esa entrevista para negar u otorgar asilo a los inmigrantes. Los inmigrantes a los que se les otorga asilo pueden permanecer en los EE. UU. y calificar para la residencia permanente un año después de la decisión.

La ley estadounidense permite que el gobierno otorgue asilo a inmigrantes que sufrieron o temen persecución en su país de origen debido a su nacionalidad, raza, religión, opiniones políticas o pertenencia a un «grupo social particular».

Si se niega la solicitud de asilo de un migrante en esta etapa, su caso se transferirá a los tribunales de inmigración, que celebran audiencias contradictorias. Luego, los jueces tendrían la tarea de decidir dentro de los 90 días si se debe ordenar la deportación de los migrantes o si se les debe permitir quedarse porque califican para la ayuda humanitaria.

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