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La lista de infecciones fúngicas lanzada por la OMS señala una amenaza para la salud mundial

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La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha elaborado la primera lista de patógenos fúngicos que representan la mayor amenaza para la salud humana, advirtiendo que algunas cepas son cada vez más resistentes a los medicamentos y se están generalizando.

El organismo de la ONU, que tiene listas similares para virus y bacterias, dijo que las infecciones por hongos y su creciente resistencia al tratamiento eran un riesgo creciente. Sin embargo, una histórica falta de enfoque en el peligro significó que hubo grandes lagunas en el conocimiento, así como una falta de vigilancia, tratamientos y diagnósticos.

Incluso fue difícil estimar la escala de la amenaza debido a la falta de datos, dijo la OMS, que pidió un gran esfuerzo por parte de los gobiernos y los investigadores para fortalecer la respuesta a los 19 hongos de la lista.

«Emergiendo de las sombras de la pandemia de resistencia bacteriana a los antimicrobianos, las infecciones por hongos están creciendo y son cada vez más resistentes a los tratamientos, convirtiéndose en un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo», dijo el Dr. Hanan Balkhy, Subdirector General de la OMS para la resistencia a los antimicrobianos.

Las infecciones por hongos a menudo afectan a personas que ya están gravemente enfermas, como pacientes con cáncer o tuberculosis, y las tasas aumentaron entre los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 durante la pandemia.

Solo existen cuatro tipos de tratamientos, con muy pocas opciones nuevas en desarrollo. El cambio climático también significa que la incidencia y el rango geográfico de los patógenos se está expandiendo, dijo la OMS, mientras que la resistencia se debe en parte al uso excesivo de antifúngicos en la agricultura.

La lista divide los patógenos en tres categorías según su impacto potencial y los datos sobre su riesgo de resistencia: prioridad crítica, alta y media.

El grupo crítico incluye Candida auris, que es altamente resistente a los medicamentos y ha causado varios brotes en hospitales de todo el mundo, así como Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus y Candida albicans.

El grupo alto incluye una serie de otros hongos de la familia Candida, así como otros como Mucorales, un grupo que contiene el hongo que causa la mucormicosis u «hongo negro», una infección que aumentó rápidamente en personas gravemente enfermas, particularmente en India, durante COVID-19.

El grupo medio enumera una serie de otros hongos, incluidos Coccidioides spp y Cryptococcus gattii.

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